top of page
Drop down menu

Male infertility is a significant health problem faced by couples worldwide. Male infertility can have many different causes, and treatment options vary depending on these causes. Urology and andrology specialists play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of male fertility problems. Male infertility can be caused by problems with sperm production, motility, shape, or blockages. Therefore, infertility treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach.

What is Combined Penile Surgery?

Infertility in men is usually caused by sperm count, sperm quality, sperm motility and blockages in the reproductive organs. Some common causes of infertility are:

1. Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia): Low sperm count in men reduces the chance of pregnancy.

2. Sperm Motility (Azoospermia): Low motility of sperm cells reduces the chance of fertilizing the egg.

3. Varicocele: The expansion of the veins in the testicles prevents sperm production and negatively affects sperm quality.

4. Ejaculation Problems: Ejaculation disorders in men can prevent sperm cells from passing into the vagina.

5. Hormonal Imbalances: Low levels of hormones like testosterone can affect sperm production.

6. Genetic Factors: Chromosomal disorders and genetic diseases can have a negative effect on sperm production.

7. Infections and Blockages: Infections or blockages in the reproductive organs such as the epididymis and vas deferens can block the passage of sperm.


Male Infertility Treatment Methods


Male infertility treatment is shaped depending on the cause of infertility. Urology and andrology specialists perform a detailed analysis before starting the treatment process, determine the source of the problem and create an appropriate treatment plan. The main methods used in male infertility treatment are:


1. Lifestyle Changes


In the first stage, men may need to make some changes in their lifestyle. Factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, being overweight, and stress can negatively affect sperm health. Therefore, changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking and drinking alcohol can increase the success of infertility treatment.


2. Medication


Some men may be treated with medication to increase sperm production or balance hormones. Treating hormonal imbalances can have a positive effect on sperm production.

Drugs That Increase Sperm Count: Drugs such as clomiphene and gonadotropins can help increase sperm count.

Testosterone Therapy: Hormone replacement therapy may be applied to men with low testosterone levels.


3. Varicocele Treatment


Varicoceles are one of the most common causes of male infertility. Varicocele treatment can be done surgically. Varicocele surgery involves tying off the veins in the testicles and can help increase sperm production. This treatment can improve sperm quality and increase the chance of pregnancy.


4. Surgical Intervention and Removal of Obstruction


Sperm passage problems in men are mostly caused by blockages. Problems such as a blockage in the vas deferens (the duct that carries sperm) or the epididymis prevent the passage of sperm cells. Surgical removal of such blockages can help reopen the sperm duct.

Microsurgical Vas Reconstruction: Repair of blockages in the channels that prevent the exit of sperm.

Sperm Aspiration: If sperm is produced but cannot be released due to obstruction, sperm can be surgically removed from the testicles.


5. Sperm Selection and Microinjection (ICSI)


In cases of sperm problems in men, microinjection (ICSI) can be used as part of in vitro fertilization treatment. ICSI is the injection of a single sperm cell into an egg under a microscope. This method can be used successfully in cases where sperm count is low.


6. Sperm Donation


Some men may not produce any sperm at all or their sperm quality may be very poor. In such cases, sperm donation may be necessary. Donor sperm can be used in in vitro fertilization treatment and the chance of pregnancy can be increased.


7. Genetic Tests and Chromosomal Studies


Genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities can lead to male infertility. Genetic testing can identify such disorders. Additionally, tests such as DNA fragmentation can be used to assess sperm quality.


8. Treatment of Ejaculation Disorders


In men who have ejaculation problems, treatment methods can be applied to the cause of this problem. For example, conditions such as retrograde ejaculation can be corrected with medical treatment or surgical intervention.


9. Stem Cell and Regenerative Therapies


In recent years, innovative methods such as stem cell therapy have been investigated in the treatment of male infertility. Such treatments may increase sperm production or improve testicular function.



Early diagnosis and correct treatment are very important to achieve successful results in the treatment of male infertility. Urology and andrology specialists determine the factors that cause infertility in men and create personalized treatment plans. The methods used in the treatment of male infertility can increase sperm health, eliminate blockages and address genetic problems. With the use of advanced technologies and innovative treatment options, male fertility problems can be solved and a healthy pregnancy can be achieved.

bottom of page